On the Black Balsam of Peru is a concise yet informative work by Dr. Theodor Martius, originally published in 1851. In this letter addressed to Dr. Jonathan Pereira, Martius delves into the properties and applications of the black balsam derived from the Myroxylon balsamum tree. Notably, the name “Balsam of Peru” is a misnomer, as the tree is native to Central America, particularly the coastal regions of El Salvador, and not Peru .

Martius provides a detailed account of the balsam’s extraction process, emphasizing its use in treating various ailments. The resinous substance is obtained by making incisions in the tree’s bark, allowing the sap to ooze out and solidify. This balsam has been utilized in traditional medicine for its antiseptic and healing properties, particularly in treating wounds and skin conditions .

The letter also touches upon the historical significance of the balsam, highlighting its use in indigenous cultures and its eventual introduction to European pharmacopoeias. Martius’s observations offer valuable insights into the early understanding and utilization of this natural remedy, reflecting a time when botanical knowledge was rapidly expanding and being integrated into medical practices .

Martius’s letter serves as an important historical document, shedding light on the medicinal applications of the black balsam of Peru and its journey from indigenous use to global recognition in the field of medicine.