“American Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated and Descriptive Guide Vol. 1” by Charles Frederick Millspaugh is a seminal work in the field of medical botany, first published in the late 19th century. This volume meticulously documents 180 plant species indigenous to or naturalized in the United States, detailing their medicinal properties, historical uses, preparation methods, chemical constituents, and physiological effects. Each entry is accompanied by a full-page chromolithographic illustration, providing readers with accurate visual representations of the plants, including detailed enlargements of fruits, seeds, and floral organs when applicable. ​

Millspaugh, a physician turned botanist, organized the book in botanical sequence, presenting each plant with its common and scientific names, the name of the botanist who classified it, and a comprehensive description covering size, color, shape, range, habitat, and other distinguishing characteristics. The medicinal uses are equally detailed, citing observations from ancient times to the near present, noting each disease or ailment the plant is reported to affect, as well as any adverse or toxic effects. Methods of preparation are dutifully given, along with the chemical constituents extracted from the plant. Considering the generic descriptions provided at the beginning of each section, over 1,000 valuable species are touched upon. ​

A notable feature of this volume is the therapeutic index, which keys over 1,000 ailments to the botanicals discussed, serving as a valuable reference for practitioners and enthusiasts of herbal medicine. While some remedies detailed in the book are now considered outdated, many remain relevant, and the thorough descriptions and accurate illustrations continue to aid in the identification and preparation of medicinal plants. ​

Millspaugh’s work stands as a testament to the rich tradition of herbal medicine and the importance of preserving knowledge of natural remedies. His contributions laid a foundation for future studies in botany and pharmacognosy, bridging the gap between traditional practices and scientific inquiry. This volume remains a valuable resource for those interested in the historical and practical aspects of medicinal plants in America.