Francis Clifton’s The State of Physick, Ancient and Modern, Briefly Consider’d is a significant 18th-century treatise that critically examines the evolution of medical practices and theories from antiquity to the early modern era. Published in 1732, the work reflects Clifton’s extensive experience as a physician to the Prince of Wales and a Fellow of the Royal Society. The book is structured into two main parts: a historical overview of medical practices and a proposed plan for their improvement.

In the first section, Clifton delves into the medical practices of ancient civilizations, highlighting their reliance on empirical observation and natural remedies. He contrasts these with the prevailing medical theories of his time, which were often based on speculative reasoning and a lack of practical experience. Clifton critiques the overreliance on ancient texts and the tendency to adhere to outdated theories without considering new evidence or advancements. He emphasizes the importance of empirical research and the need for medical practitioners to base their practices on observation and experience rather than tradition alone.

The second part of the book presents Clifton’s plan for improving medical practice. He advocates for a more scientific approach to medicine, urging the establishment of systematic studies and the application of experimental methods. Clifton calls for the creation of institutions dedicated to medical research and education, where practitioners can collaborate and share knowledge. He also stresses the importance of public health initiatives and the need for physicians to engage with the broader community to promote health and prevent disease.

Clifton’s work is notable for its forward-thinking approach to medicine, emphasizing the need for reform and the adoption of scientific methods. His critiques of contemporary medical practices and his proposals for improvement reflect a desire to bridge the gap between ancient wisdom and modern scientific understanding. The book serves as both a historical document and a call to action for the advancement of medical science in the 18th century.