Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber by John Evelyn, first published in 1664, stands as a seminal work in the field of forestry. Commissioned by the Royal Society, it was among the first books printed by the Society after receiving its Royal Charter. Evelyn, a noted diarist and horticulturist, wrote the treatise to address the alarming depletion of timber resources in England, particularly oak, which was essential for shipbuilding and other industries. He emphasized the urgent need for reforestation and the cultivation of various tree species to ensure a sustainable supply of timber for the nation’s growing demands.
The work is divided into several sections, each focusing on different aspects of forestry. Evelyn provides detailed descriptions of various tree species, their characteristics, uses, and the best practices for their cultivation. He offers practical advice on topics such as soil preparation, seed selection, planting techniques, and pest control. His approach combines empirical observation with a deep understanding of natural history, reflecting the scientific spirit of the Restoration era.
One of the key themes of Sylva is the promotion of tree planting as both a patriotic duty and a means of personal enrichment. Evelyn argues that landowners should take an active role in reforesting their estates, not only to contribute to the nation’s prosperity but also to enhance the value of their own properties. He underscores the economic and ecological benefits of maintaining healthy forests and advocates for policies that support sustainable forestry practices.
Beyond its practical guidance, Sylva also delves into the philosophical and aesthetic dimensions of trees. Evelyn reflects on the beauty and majesty of forests, considering them as symbols of stability and continuity. His work encourages a harmonious relationship between humans and nature, advocating for stewardship and respect for the environment. In doing so, Sylva not only contributed to the development of forestry as a science but also influenced the broader cultural appreciation of trees and forests in English society.