Student’s Hand-Book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous by Thomas Taylor is a pioneering work in American mycology, first published in 1898. The book serves as a comprehensive guide for identifying and understanding various types of mushrooms found in America, including both edible and poisonous varieties. Taylor’s motivation for this work stemmed from the public’s growing interest in mushrooms, particularly following his 1876 exhibit at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. This exhibit showcased a large collection of water-color drawings representing leading types of edible and poisonous mushrooms of the United States, along with representations of about nine hundred species of microscopic fungi detrimental to vegetation. The popularity of this exhibit led to increased public inquiries about mushroom identification and safety, prompting Taylor to compile this handbook .

The book is structured to provide readers with a clear understanding of mushroom classification, structure, and identification. It begins with an introduction to the cryptogamic plants, explaining their classification into four classes: Pteridophyta, Bryophyta, Algae, and Fungi. Taylor focuses on the Fungi class, detailing the characteristics of mushrooms, their reproductive organs (spores), and the vegetative process known as mycelium or mushroom spawn. He emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between edible and poisonous species, highlighting that while some mushrooms are edible, others can be highly toxic. The book includes illustrations and descriptions of various species, aiding readers in accurate identification .

One of the key features of Taylor’s handbook is its cautionary approach towards mushroom foraging. He advises readers to consult reliable sources and experts before collecting mushrooms for consumption, as many species have poisonous look-alikes. The book discusses common misconceptions, such as the belief that discoloration of a silver spoon or onions when in contact with mushrooms is an infallible test for poisonous species. Taylor debunks this myth, explaining that such discoloration can occur due to the presence of sulfur compounds in mushrooms, which are not necessarily indicative of toxicity. He also warns against relying solely on odor and flavor to determine edibility, as some poisonous mushrooms may have a pleasant taste and smell .

Student’s Hand-Book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the study of mushrooms. Its detailed illustrations, scientific approach, and emphasis on safety make it an essential guide for both amateur and experienced mycologists. Taylor’s work not only contributes to the field of mycology but also serves as a testament to the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and practices in the study of natural sciences.