“Sketches from the History of Medicine, Ancient and Modern” by W. Sedgwick Saunders is a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of medical practices, intertwining historical narratives with the development of healing arts. Delivered as an oration before the Hunterian Society in 1868, the work delves into the origins of medicine, tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to contemporary practices. Saunders emphasizes the intrinsic connection between human suffering and the emergence of medical interventions, highlighting how early humans, initially free from pain and illness, gradually sought remedies as diseases began to afflict them.

The author examines significant milestones in medical history, focusing on pivotal figures such as Hippocrates, often regarded as the father of medicine. Saunders discusses Hippocrates’ contributions to medical ethics and his emphasis on empirical observation, which laid the foundation for modern medical practice. The narrative also touches upon the influence of religious and cultural practices on health, illustrating how ancient customs and beliefs shaped medical approaches. For instance, the practice of circumcision, as mandated by Moses, is explored not only as a religious rite but also as a health measure prevalent in various cultures.

Saunders further delves into the progress of medical science through the ages, acknowledging the contributions of various scholars and physicians. He reflects on the challenges faced by early medical practitioners, including societal taboos and religious constraints that hindered advancements in anatomy and surgery. The work underscores the perseverance of individuals who, despite opposition, advanced medical knowledge through meticulous study and practice. This historical perspective serves to highlight the resilience and dedication of those who have shaped the field of medicine over centuries.

“Sketches from the History of Medicine, Ancient and Modern” offers a rich tapestry of medical history, blending scientific developments with cultural and ethical considerations. Saunders presents a narrative that not only chronicles the milestones in medical science but also reflects on the broader societal impacts of these advancements. The work serves as a testament to the enduring quest to alleviate human suffering and the continuous evolution of medical practices in response to the challenges posed by diseases and health concerns.