​”Sketch of the Early History of the Medical Profession in Edinburgh” by John Gairdner, first published in 1864, offers a comprehensive overview of the development of medical practice in Edinburgh up to the mid-19th century. Delivered as an address at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Gairdner’s work delves into the origins and evolution of medical institutions and education in the city. He traces the establishment of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1681 and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1505, highlighting their roles in shaping medical standards and practices. The formation of these institutions marked a significant departure from the medieval guild system, laying the groundwork for modern medical professionalism in Scotland.​

A central theme in Gairdner’s account is the establishment of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in 1729, Scotland’s first voluntary hospital. This institution not only provided care for the sick poor but also served as a vital training ground for medical students. Gairdner emphasizes the importance of this hospital in advancing clinical education and fostering a culture of medical inquiry and practice. He also discusses the contributions of key figures such as Sir Robert Sibbald and William Cullen, who were instrumental in promoting medical education and research in Edinburgh.​

The address further examines the curriculum and teaching methods employed at the time, noting the emphasis on hands-on experience and direct patient care. Gairdner reflects on the challenges faced by early medical practitioners, including limited resources and the evolving understanding of disease and treatment. Despite these obstacles, the medical community in Edinburgh made significant strides in advancing medical knowledge and practice.​

Gairdner’s work is a valuable historical document that provides insight into the formative years of medical practice in Edinburgh. It underscores the city’s pivotal role in the development of modern medicine and highlights the enduring legacy of its medical institutions. Through meticulous research and engaging narrative, Gairdner captures the essence of a transformative period in medical history.