”Rosa Anglica, sev Rosa Medicinae Johannis Anglici” is a seminal medieval medical text authored by John of Gaddesden, an English physician active in the early 14th century. Often referred to as “The English Rose,” the treatise is notable for being the first medical textbook written in English, marking a significant departure from the Latin-dominated medical literature of the time. Gaddesden’s work synthesizes the medical knowledge of ancient and contemporary authorities, including Galen, Avicenna, and Dioscorides, and presents it in a practical, accessible format for English-speaking practitioners.
The treatise is structured into five sections, mirroring the five petals of a rose, and covers a comprehensive range of medical topics. Beginning with an analysis of fevers, it progresses through various diseases and injuries, organized from head to foot, and concludes with an antidotarium, a section dedicated to remedies. Gaddesden’s approach combines theoretical knowledge with practical advice, offering insights into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. His work reflects the medical understanding of the medieval period, incorporating both empirical observations and the prevailing humoral theory.
“Rosa Anglica” also delves into the realm of surgery, detailing procedures and remedies for physical ailments. One of the most famous anecdotes from the text is Gaddesden’s treatment of a royal patient suffering from smallpox. He reportedly used a combination of cooling medicines and a unique method of surrounding the patient with red cloth, a technique he claimed to have learned from his studies. This case exemplifies the blend of medical knowledge and innovative practices that characterizes Gaddesden’s work.
The treatise was widely disseminated, circulating in manuscript form for nearly two centuries before being printed in 1492 in Pavia, Italy. Its influence extended beyond England, with translations into languages such as Irish, reflecting its broad impact on medieval medical practice. “Rosa Anglica” remained a cornerstone of medical education and practice for centuries, underscoring the enduring legacy of John of Gaddesden’s contributions to the field of medicine.