Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, commonly known as the Salernitan Rule of Health, is a medieval didactic poem composed in Latin hexameter verse. Attributed to the Schola Medica Salernitana, a renowned medical school in Salerno, Italy, the work is believed to have been written in the 12th or 13th century. Although the exact authorship remains uncertain, it is often credited to John of Milan. The poem serves as a comprehensive guide to health, encompassing various aspects of daily life, hygiene, diet, and preventive medicine.
The Regimen is structured around the six non-naturals, a concept derived from Galenic medicine, which includes air, food and drink, sleep and wakefulness, motion and rest, excretions and retentions, and the passions of the soul. These elements are considered fundamental in maintaining health and preventing disease. The poem emphasizes the importance of a balanced lifestyle, advocating for moderation in all things. It offers practical advice on topics such as the therapeutic uses of wine, the benefits of various foods, and the significance of mental well-being.
One of the most notable aspects of the Regimen is its accessibility to the general public. Unlike many medical texts of the time, which were written in complex Latin and intended for scholars, the Regimen was composed in a manner that could be easily understood by laypeople. Its widespread popularity is evident from the numerous translations and editions produced over the centuries. The first printed edition appeared in 1480, and by 1501, it had been translated into nearly every European language, with almost forty different editions circulating.
The enduring legacy of the Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum lies in its holistic approach to health and its emphasis on preventive care. It reflects a deep understanding of the interconnectedness of body and mind, and its teachings continue to resonate in modern discussions about wellness and lifestyle. By integrating ancient wisdom with practical advice, the Regimen offers timeless guidance for those seeking to lead a healthy and balanced life.