Daniel Hanbury’s 1864 work, On the Manufacture of Balsam of Peru, offers a meticulous exploration of the production process of this aromatic resin, derived from the tree Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae. The treatise, originally published in the Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions, delves into the methods employed to harvest and refine balsam of Peru, emphasizing the intricate techniques that have been passed down through generations. Hanbury’s account serves as both a scientific documentation and a tribute to the traditional practices that have sustained this industry.

The book details the harvesting process, which involves a series of steps to stimulate the tree to exude its resin. Initially, the bark is scorched to facilitate its removal, a practice that encourages the tree to produce the balsam. Hanbury describes how the exudate is collected, often by soaking rags in the resinous fluid, which are then boiled to separate the balsam from the water. This method not only preserves the purity of the balsam but also reflects a deep respect for the natural processes involved. The precision and care in these techniques underscore the traditional knowledge that has been integral to the production of balsam of Peru.

In addition to the harvesting methods, Hanbury’s work delves into the chemical composition of the balsam. He identifies various constituents such as cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and their esters, which contribute to the balsam’s distinctive fragrance and therapeutic properties. This chemical analysis not only enhances the understanding of the product’s value but also aligns with the traditional belief in the balsam’s medicinal and aromatic qualities. Hanbury’s insights bridge the gap between empirical observation and scientific inquiry, highlighting the multifaceted significance of balsam of Peru.

Hanbury’s treatise reflects the broader context of 19th-century botanical and pharmaceutical studies. The detailed illustrations and references to contemporary research situate the work within a tradition of scientific exploration that values both empirical data and traditional knowledge. By documenting the production of balsam of Peru, Hanbury contributes to the preservation of a practice that intertwines cultural heritage with scientific inquiry. His work stands as a testament to the enduring relevance of traditional methods in the face of modern advancements, offering a perspective that honors the past while acknowledging the future.