​”Medicina Britannica,” authored by Dr. Thomas Short in the mid-18th century, is a significant work in the field of medical botany. First published in 1746, with subsequent editions including a notable third edition in 1751, this treatise offers a comprehensive account of the medicinal properties of plants commonly found in Great Britain. Dr. Short’s objective was to provide accessible medical knowledge to individuals who lacked formal medical training, particularly those in rural areas without ready access to physicians. The book includes detailed descriptions of various plants, their uses, and preparations, drawing upon the observations of esteemed physicians, both ancient and contemporary, such as Mr. John Ray and Dr. Simon Paulli. ​

The structure of “Medicina Britannica” is methodical, beginning with a preface by Mr. John Bartram, a botanist from Pennsylvania, who contributed notes throughout the work. Bartram’s annotations highlight the locations of many described plants in parts of America, noting differences in nomenclature, appearance, and medicinal virtues compared to their European counterparts. The main body of the text is organized into plant entries, each detailing the nature, virtues, and uses of the plant, followed by an appendix that provides instructions on the preparation, preservation, and dosage of various remedies suitable for private families. Additionally, the book includes indexes of plant names, diseases with corresponding remedies, and notes, enhancing its utility as a reference guide. ​

One of the notable aspects of the book is its blend of empirical knowledge and the prevailing beliefs of the time. While many of the remedies are based on the medicinal properties of plants, some entries reflect the limited scientific understanding of the era. For instance, the use of Helleborus to treat conditions like lunacy and to “purge melancholy humours” is now known to be misguided, as the plant contains toxic compounds. Nevertheless, the inclusion of such entries provides valuable insight into the medical practices and cultural beliefs of 18th-century Britain. ​

“Medicina Britannica” stands as a testament to the historical efforts to democratize medical knowledge and the reliance on natural remedies in the absence of formal healthcare. Its detailed documentation of plant-based treatments offers a window into the intersection of botany and medicine during a time when scientific inquiry was beginning to challenge traditional practices. The work’s enduring relevance lies in its contribution to the understanding of historical medical practices and the evolution of herbal medicine.