The Kitab-i Hashayish, also known as the Book of Medicinal Herbs, is a significant 10th-century Arabic manuscript that offers a comprehensive account of botanical plants and their medicinal properties. This work is believed to be based on the ancient De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides, which was translated into Arabic by Ishaq ibn Hunayn. The manuscript contains detailed descriptions and illustrations of various plants, trees, and some animal substances, highlighting their uses in traditional medicine. Its creation reflects the rich tradition of Islamic scholarship in preserving and expanding upon ancient medical knowledge.

The manuscript is renowned for its artistic and scientific value, featuring nearly 500 illustrations that depict the physical characteristics of plants and their medicinal effects. These illustrations are crafted with precision, showcasing the botanical accuracy and aesthetic sensibility of the period. The Kitab-i Hashayish serves as a testament to the advanced understanding of herbal medicine in the Islamic world during the 10th century. It not only preserves the knowledge of medicinal plants but also contributes to the ongoing dialogue between ancient and contemporary medical practices.

The Kitab-i Hashayish stands as a monumental work in the history of herbal medicine. Its blend of scientific inquiry and artistic expression offers invaluable insights into the medical practices of the past. By studying this manuscript, one gains a deeper appreciation for the historical foundations of modern herbal medicine and the enduring legacy of ancient scholars in shaping contemporary health practices.