Jacques-Philippe Cornut’s Canadensium Plantarum Historia (1635) stands as a pioneering work in botanical literature, marking the first comprehensive documentation of Canadian flora. Despite never having visited North America, Cornut meticulously compiled descriptions of 78 plant species, many of which were previously unknown to European scholars. This compilation was made possible through specimens provided by individuals like Jean and Vespasien Robin, who managed the royal gardens of Henry IV and the Paris Faculty of Medicine, and Pierre Morin, a nurseryman in Paris.​

The book is distinguished by its 68 full-page copper engravings, executed by Vallot, illustrating the plants in their natural forms. Each illustration is accompanied by detailed descriptions, encompassing the plant’s morphology, habitat, and medicinal uses. This emphasis on accurate representation reflects the Renaissance herbalist tradition, blending art with scientific observation . Notably, the work also includes five South African bulbous plants, expanding its scope beyond the Canadian flora.​

Cornut’s approach to classification, influenced by the works of Matthias de l’Obel, laid the groundwork for modern botanical taxonomy. His methodical descriptions and illustrations provided a reference point for subsequent botanists, including Carl Linnaeus, who cited Cornut’s work in his Species Plantarum. The book’s significance is further underscored by the naming of the genus Cornutia in the Lamiaceae family in honor of Cornut’s contributions to botany.​

Canadensium Plantarum Historia is more than just a botanical catalog; it is a testament to the meticulous scholarship and dedication of its author. Through this work, Cornut not only introduced a wealth of new plant species to European audiences but also set a precedent for the integration of art and science in the study of natural history. The book remains a valuable resource for historians of science and botany enthusiasts, offering a glimpse into the early stages of botanical exploration and classification.