“An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. III,” translated by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna and published in 1916, is a seminal work that delves into the ancient Indian medical treatise known as the Sushruta Samhita. This third volume, referred to as the Uttara-Tantra or the supplementary section, expands upon the foundational medical knowledge presented in the earlier volumes. It offers detailed insights into specialized areas of medicine, including ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, gynecology, and internal medicine, reflecting the comprehensive nature of ancient Indian medical science.

One of the prominent features of this volume is its extensive focus on Shalakya Tantra, the branch of Ayurveda that deals with diseases of the head and neck. The text provides meticulous descriptions of various eye diseases, their etiology, symptomatology, and therapeutic approaches. For instance, it discusses conditions like Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis) and offers treatments involving bloodletting, fomentation, and the application of medicinal pastes and eye drops. The emphasis on precise diagnostic criteria and tailored treatments underscores the advanced understanding of ocular health in ancient times.

Beyond ophthalmology, the Uttara-Tantra addresses a wide array of other medical conditions. It delves into the anatomy and physiology of the human body, discussing the classification and functions of ligaments (Snayus) and muscles (Peshis). The text categorizes ligaments into four types—Pratanavati (ramifying), Vritta (circular), Prithu (broad), and Shushira (perforated)—and associates them with specific body parts and functions. Similarly, it enumerates the muscles, detailing their distribution across different regions of the body, which highlights the intricate knowledge of human anatomy possessed by ancient Indian physicians.

The volume also emphasizes the importance of preventive medicine and holistic health. It advocates for regular physical exercise, hygienic practices, and a balanced diet as essential components for disease prevention and health maintenance. The text cautions against excessive physical exertion, recognizing that moderation is key to sustaining health and preventing disease. This holistic approach reflects a profound understanding of the interplay between lifestyle factors and health outcomes, a concept that remains relevant in contemporary medical practice.