“An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita Vol. 2,” translated by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna, is a seminal work that delves into the depths of ancient Indian medical knowledge, particularly focusing on the surgical practices and anatomical understandings of the time. This volume encompasses critical sections of the original Sanskrit text, including Nidana-Sthana (Diagnosis), Sarira-Sthana (Anatomy), Chikitsita-Sthana (Therapeutics), and Kalapa-Sthana (Supplementary Topics), offering readers a comprehensive insight into the holistic approach of Ayurveda.

The Nidana-Sthana section is dedicated to the diagnosis and understanding of various diseases. It provides detailed descriptions of the causes, symptoms, and progression of numerous ailments, ranging from nervous system disorders to skin diseases like leprosy. This section emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis as the foundation for effective treatment, showcasing the advanced medical knowledge possessed by ancient Indian physicians. By meticulously categorizing diseases and their manifestations, Sushruta laid the groundwork for systematic medical practice.

In the Sarira-Sthana, Sushruta presents an extensive exploration of human anatomy. Notably, he advocates for the dissection of cadavers to gain a profound understanding of the body’s structures, a practice that was revolutionary given the cultural and religious contexts of his time. This section details various bodily systems, including the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems, and introduces concepts such as the srotas (channels) through which vital fluids flow. Sushruta’s emphasis on empirical observation and hands-on learning underscores his commitment to advancing medical education and practice.

The Chikitsita-Sthana focuses on therapeutics and surgical interventions. Sushruta is often revered as the “Father of Surgery,” and this section exemplifies his contributions by detailing numerous surgical procedures, including rhinoplasty (nasal reconstruction), cataract extraction, and management of fractures and dislocations. He meticulously describes the instruments used, pre-operative preparations, post-operative care, and the ethical responsibilities of a surgeon. Sushruta’s holistic approach integrates surgical techniques with dietary regulations, physical exercises, and herbal remedies, reflecting the comprehensive nature of Ayurvedic medicine.

The Kalapa-Sthana serves as a supplementary section, encompassing a diverse range of topics that enhance the practitioner’s knowledge. It includes discussions on toxicology, pediatrics, and the preparation of medicinal formulations. This section highlights the versatility required of ancient physicians, who were expected to be well-versed in multiple facets of healthcare. Sushruta’s inclusion of these topics demonstrates his recognition of the interconnectedness of various medical disciplines and the necessity for a well-rounded medical education.