​A Complete Treatise on the Mineral Waters of Virginia by John Rouelle, published in 1792, is a pioneering work in early American medical literature. Rouelle, a French physician, meticulously documents the mineral springs of Virginia, providing a comprehensive overview of their locations, compositions, and therapeutic applications. His treatise is among the earliest systematic studies of the state’s natural springs, reflecting the 18th-century interest in hydrotherapy and the burgeoning field of medical mineralogy.​

The treatise is structured to offer readers a detailed understanding of the mineral waters’ natural history. Rouelle begins with descriptions of the geographical settings of various springs, detailing their accessibility and the surrounding landscapes. He then delves into the chemical analyses of these waters, identifying their mineral contents and categorizing them based on their therapeutic properties. This scientific approach underscores the Enlightenment-era emphasis on empirical observation and classification in medical practice.​

In addition to the scientific analysis, Rouelle explores the medicinal uses of these waters. He discusses their efficacy in treating a range of ailments, including digestive disorders, skin conditions, and chronic diseases. By documenting firsthand accounts and clinical observations, Rouelle provides a practical guide for physicians and patients seeking alternative treatments. His work reflects the period’s growing interest in natural remedies and the integration of such treatments into mainstream medical practices.​

Rouelle’s treatise is not only a medical document but also a historical artifact that offers insights into the cultural and scientific milieu of late 18th-century America. It highlights the period’s commitment to scientific inquiry and the exploration of natural resources for health benefits. Today, the work serves as a valuable resource for historians of medicine and those interested in the early development of American medical practices.