The “Promptuaire des médecines simples en rithme joieuse” by Thibault Lespleigney, first published in 1537, is a notable 16th-century French pharmacological text that combines medical knowledge with poetic expression. Lespleigney, an apothecary from Tours, crafted this work in rhymed French verse, making it accessible and engaging for his contemporaries. The book serves as a comprehensive guide to simple medicines derived from plants, minerals, and animals, reflecting the Galenic medical traditions of the time. Its structure and content exemplify a harmonious blend of scientific inquiry and literary artistry, characteristic of Renaissance humanism.
The “Promptuaire” is organized alphabetically, detailing 165 substances used in medical treatments. Each entry provides information on the origin, properties, and applications of the substance, often accompanied by anecdotes or humorous remarks to entertain the reader. Lespleigney’s approach was innovative; by writing in the vernacular and employing verse, he made complex medical knowledge more approachable for apothecaries and the educated public. This method also reflects the pedagogical practices of the era, where mnemonic devices like rhyme were used to aid in the retention of information.
The text draws upon a rich tapestry of sources, including classical authors such as Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny, as well as medieval scholars like Platearius and Avicenna. Lespleigney’s work is not merely a compilation but also includes his observations and experiences, providing insights into the medical practices of his time. Notably, he discusses the use of substances like benzoic resin and arsenic, highlighting both their therapeutic benefits and potential dangers. His commentary on arsenic, for instance, touches upon contemporary events, such as the rumored poisoning of the Dauphin, son of King Francis I, showcasing the interplay between medicine and societal happenings.
Beyond its medical content, the “Promptuaire” holds cultural significance. It represents a shift towards the democratization of knowledge, moving away from Latin texts accessible only to scholars, towards works in the vernacular that could be utilized by practitioners and laypersons alike. Lespleigney’s dedication to his fellow apothecaries and his choice to write in French underscore a commitment to education and professional development within his community. The enduring interest in his work, evidenced by subsequent editions and modern reprints, attests to its value as both a medical reference and a literary artifact of the Renaissance period.