The North American Indian Doctor by Robert D. Foster, first published in 1838, serves as a comprehensive guide to traditional Native American medicine, blending indigenous healing practices with foundational medical knowledge. The book is structured into three main sections: a catechism of anatomy and physiology, a treatise on midwifery, and a materia medica detailing over 250 herbal remedies. Foster’s work is notable for its attempt to bridge the gap between Western medical science and Native American healing traditions, providing readers with insights into the holistic approaches of indigenous medicine.​

The catechism section presents a series of questions and answers designed to educate readers on human anatomy and physiological processes. This approach reflects the educational methods of the time, aiming to make complex medical concepts accessible to a broader audience. By grounding the text in anatomical knowledge, Foster establishes a foundation for understanding the subsequent discussions on midwifery and herbal remedies.​

In the treatise on midwifery, Foster outlines the care and treatments necessary during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. This section underscores the importance of maternal health and the role of traditional practices in ensuring safe childbirth within Native American communities. Foster emphasizes the use of natural remedies and rituals, highlighting the deep connection between cultural practices and medical care.​

The materia medica is perhaps the most extensive portion of the book, cataloging a vast array of herbal remedies used to treat over 250 diseases. Each entry includes descriptions of plants, their medicinal properties, and preparation methods. This compilation not only serves as a practical guide for practitioners but also preserves valuable knowledge of indigenous flora and their applications in healing. Foster’s detailed descriptions reflect a deep respect for the natural world and its resources.​

The North American Indian Doctor stands as a significant work in the history of medical literature. It offers a window into the medical practices of Native American communities, emphasizing the integration of nature, culture, and health. While it serves as a historical document, the book also invites contemporary readers to appreciate the depth and richness of indigenous knowledge systems.