“Old-Time Makers of Medicine” by James J. Walsh offers a comprehensive exploration of the evolution of medical science from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Published in the early 20th century, the book challenges the prevailing notion that the medieval period was devoid of significant medical advancements. Walsh meticulously examines the contributions of early Christian, Jewish, and Arabian physicians, highlighting their roles in preserving and enhancing the medical knowledge inherited from ancient Greek scholars. By delving into the lives and works of these historical figures, Walsh aims to reshape the reader’s understanding of medieval medicine, presenting it as a dynamic era rich with innovation and scholarly activity.

The narrative begins with an analysis of the medical landscape during early Christian times, emphasizing the efforts of physicians who, despite societal upheavals and the fall of the Roman Empire, endeavored to maintain and expand upon existing medical practices. Walsh then transitions to the significant impact of Jewish physicians, with a dedicated chapter on Maimonides, whose medical writings synthesized Greco-Arabic knowledge and influenced both contemporary and later medical thought. The exploration continues with the achievements of Arabian physicians, who not only preserved Greek medical texts but also introduced original contributions, thereby serving as a bridge between ancient and medieval European medicine.

A notable portion of the book is devoted to the Medical School at Salerno, often regarded as the first medieval medical school in Western Europe. Walsh discusses its role as a melting pot of diverse medical traditions, where knowledge from Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew sources converged. He also highlights figures like Constantine Africanus, whose translations and writings were instrumental in making Arabic medical knowledge accessible to the Latin-speaking world. The inclusion of chapters on medieval women physicians and surgeons from medieval universities underscores the author’s commitment to presenting a holistic view of the medical profession, acknowledging contributions from both genders during this period.

Walsh further examines the advancements in specific medical fields, such as surgery and dentistry, through the works of pioneers like Guy de Chauliac and Giovanni of Arcoli. He also delves into the early suggestions of laboratory methods in medicine by figures like Cusanus and explores the transition from alchemy to chemistry with Basil Valentine. Throughout the book, Walsh emphasizes the theme of rediscovery and the cyclical nature of medical knowledge, suggesting that many innovations were made, forgotten, and later reinvented. By providing detailed accounts of these historical figures and their contributions, “Old-Time Makers of Medicine” serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of medieval scholars in shaping the foundations of modern medical practice.